WebThe main advantages of the simple structure are the following: i.

WebAdvantages- they do not transfer any moment to columns and foundation ( usefully where loose soil or low bearing capacity soil is found and it it desirable not to transfer additional load to soil) Easy analysis (manual) Disadvantages The deflection is considerble and so in bending moment which leads to uneconomical design. Please explain in 1 or 2 paragraphs. iv. Limit opportunities for upward mobility. iii. It helps in concentrating on the special requirements of the customers of each region. Uploader Agreement. This problem gets magnified when there is a tendency for the functional departments to become jealous of their prerogatives and fight to promote and preserve their specialisation rather than work towards unified project objectives. Customer based structure is also not free from drawbacks. (vii) It is also beneficial from the point of view of countrys economic development. The simple structure becomes inadequate as the business grows. But if a company is providing services in different regions, it would follow geographical or territory based structure. iv. though product lines can be added and dropped easily without dislocating the existing operations. Suitable for factories, warehouses, office buildings, gymnasiums, etc. v. Retains functional specialisation in each SBU. There are rigid hierarchical relationships in the organisation.
It relies heavily on information technology. WebDiscuss its advantages and disadvantages. ii. Cost and profit responsibilities may not be very clear in the matrix organisation. This structure presents increased problems of top management control. Each division caters to different customers and has different types of competition. iii. We also share information about your use of our site with our social media, advertising and analytics partners who may combine it with other information that youve provided to them or that theyve collected from your use of their services. Functional structure is helpful up to a certain limit of expansion and growth. Kernel delivers basic services to all other elements of the System. When information sharing is simple, employees can use the information in their work, which can positively impact the whole organization. The relationships are not rigid; they are collaborative and redefined through interaction. In boundary less organizations, functional departments are replaced by cross-functional teams and organising activities around processes. If teams are not created properly, there may be chaos in the organization. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Each zone has further been divided into appropriate number of divisions, for example, northern zone into four divisions located at Jalandhar, Chandigarh, New Delhi, and Ajmer. 5. The synergistic effect is generated in virtual organization because of the complementarity of competences of different partners. It could result in interdepartmental conflicts or lack of coordination between the functions. It does not allow employees participation in decision making. (ii) Successful completion of the project is critical for the firm. A common theme of functional design proponents is the desirability of standardizing repetitive tasks and making them routine wherever possible. WebThere are several advantages to using steel girder bridges: Strength: Steel is a strong and durable material, making it ideal for bridges that need to support heavy loads. Divisional structure may not be suitable when increase in number, size, and diversity of divisions in an organisation, and it becomes difficult for strategists to control and evaluate divisional operations. For example, a company may have three divisions to manage textiles, cement and shipping. Therefore, there is direct interaction between those who manage and those who are managed. Shell type structure construction was as old as 1920s. Since the project manager is wholly responsible for project results, he places more emphasis on efficient control, better customer relations, and uses his initiative and dynamism for the successful completion of project. iv. iv. iii. Besides better coordination, it will also improve customer service. Wide range of uses. (iii) There may be lack of talented personnel to take charge of regional departments. iii. Functional Structure 3. It is appropriate when each product is relatively complex and a great deal of capital is required for each product. Less disruption: Cooperatives allow members to join and leave the business without disrupting its structure or dissolving it. Helps individual businesses respond to the changes in external environment. viii. ; Offers good performance due to lesser layers between vi. Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. Enhances ability to respond quickly to changes in external environment. WebOperations Management questions and answers. WebThis structure is an advantage for them because it allows McDonalds to produce a uniform product around the world at minimum cost. This form has been used by several U.S. multinational corporations whose manufacturing operations require low-cost labour that can best be utilized by contracting with foreign suppliers. If there are too many divisions, coordination becomes complex and difficult. Leads to competitive spirit within the organisation. A Diagram of the Monolithic structure is shown below: In this type of structure, OS is divided into layers or levels. Thus, one can see marketing, materials management, production, finance and accounting, personnel and maintenance departments in the functional design of a company engaged in manufacturing. (iii) Better attention can be paid to local customer groups thereby raising the image and goodwill of the company. For a computer to recognize and read a drive such as the external hard disk, the user must make the device reachable through the mounting process. The important disadvantages of the matrix organisation are the following: i. The benefits of structure based on customers are as follows: (i) Customer departmentation can focus on the special needs of different kinds of customers. Special knowledge and experience contribute to the common goals of the concern. SBU concept was evolved by General Electric Company (GEC) of USA to manage its multi-product business. Wide range of uses. In this form, regional offices are established as separate units. The important disadvantages of the departmentation by product are the following: i. Status and rank are minimised. It combines the advantages of different alternative structures. The two traditional bases are product and territory. For instance, it creates the difficulty of co-ordination between the departments organised on this basis and those organised on other bases. It leads to uneconomical operations. It is very useful where proximity to the local market can result in cost reduction. Vertical communication between superior and subordinate is the tendency in mechanistic structure. Although simple, the matrix helps companies plan their business . g. They are frequently responsible for acquiring any new training they might need. Role of the group Vice President is often ambiguous. It is suitable where environment is uncertain and generally dynamic or unstable. The divisional structure is not without limitations. However, it is not free from shortcomings. Before reading this article, understand the following Operating System topic: This article does not compare Operating system structures with other each other and their implementation. Territorial departmentation has the following advantages: (i) It leads to the benefits of local operations. He reports in a direct line to the up, but does not have a complete line of command below. The basic difference between a team and a group is in three contexts- job categoriesgroup has many narrow job categories and team has one or two broad categories; authoritygroup is directly controlled by the immediate superior and team has its own control mechanism; and reward systemreward in group system depends on individual performance and seniority and reward in team system is based on team performance and individual breadth of skills. There are also several disadvantages to using steel girder bridges: Cost: Steel girder bridges can be more expensive than other types of bridges due to the cost of materials and construction. For example, small firms tend to be functionally structured, big firms with multiple, products or services, use SBU structure or matrix structure. For example, one of the virtual organizations created by Intel, USA and a Japanese company could not work properly because the Japanese company was not able to complete its part of the project, leaving Intel with a major product delivery problem.

Virtual Organisation. The thickness of these structures is very less as compared to its width and length. Computer networks are susceptible to attack from network hackers, viruses, and other types of mischiefs either for making money or just for fun. iv. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These networks are not fully reliable at all times. Responsibility and obligation are loosely defined; problems cannot be passed up, down, or laterally. It encourages general management development. Upon completion of the project, these people may return to their original departments for further assignment. ii.

This type of structure is highly centralised.

Therefore, it is important to evaluate the pros and cons of each Thus, departmentation by product generally leads to duplication of facilities. One of the advantages in having a formal organization is that when there is a problem employees know where to look for answers. It provides for a clear definition of functions and responsibilities. WebThis organizational structure enables faster decision-making as there are no managers which help to enhance the efficiency of business operations. Low-cost but efficient information technology has also facilitated this process. It is not suitable for enterprises with very diverse lines of businesses. Thus, each functional staff has two bosseshis administrative head and his project manager. It may be noted that generally project teams are created along with the existing functional organisation. In a traditional organizational structure, the decision-making power is highest at the top and reduces as it moves down the chart. It is easily understood by the employees. Second, creating self-managing teams is a long-drawn process full of anxiety and tension. It needs no specialized knowledge for them to understand that there are several departments, each performing a separate function, and all departments must work in unison to achieve an organizations goals. In each of these bases, functions involved and, therefore, departments created are different. Organisation involves establishing an appropriate structure for the goal-seeking activities. Corporate office may become unaware of key developments that could impact on the corporation. 21 days ago. This avoids the expenses of renting new offices for the venture and costly travel time between companies. This structure is popular with giant firms dealing in multiple products and operating in different geographical regions. It places responsibility for profits at the divisional level. A team-based organization has self-managing teams and coordinating mechanism among these teams as against the traditional groups of people. 6. ii. Content Filtration 6. An organisation structure shows the authority and responsibility relationships between the various positions in the organisation by showing who reports to whom. A boundary less organization, the term coined by Jack Welch, former chairman of GE (USA), seeks to eliminate vertical and horizontal boundaries in the organization as well as the boundaries between the organization and its customers and suppliers. Operating System structure is the basic model which is needed to implement Operating Systems. In a divisional structure, each division is semi-autonomous and has its own resources and facilities. What are examples of operational objectives? Functional structure is, perhaps, most widely used in medium and large organizations with limited number of products. While there are many advantages to horizontal structures, it isn't always the best solution for every company. However, the boundary less organizations should not be treated as panacea for all structural ills because they have their own drawbacks which are follows: i. This structure is implemented in MS-DOS operating system: Layering in simple structure is shown below: The Monolithic operating System in which the kernel acts as a manager by managing all things like file management, memory management, device management, and operational processes of the Operating System. Advantages. ii. Below is the Image illustrating the Layered structure in OS: Micro-Kernel structure designs the Operating System by removing all non-essential components of the kernel. These structures may be adopted on either/or basis or in hybrid form, that is, a part of the structure may be in one form while other part may be in another form which is quite common with large organizations. Each division may have further organisation based on functional departmentation. But where it is required to handle multiple products, functional organisation may prove to be insufficient. The Ansoff matrix has advantages and disadvantages. ii. First, team-based organization requires a work culture that is quite different from traditional hierarchy-based organization. Image Guidelines 4. ii. ii. i. Based on this concept, virtual organization has been defined as follows Virtual Corporation is a temporary network of independent companiessupplies, customers, even erstwhile rivalslinked by information technology to share skills, costs, and access to one anothers markets. Thus, virtual organization is a temporary alliance between two or more organizations that band together to undertake a specified venture. The disadvantages of functional structure are as under: (i) Each department concentrates on a narrow range of activities relating to its function only. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". For instance, Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) has semi-autonomous divisions in different regions of the country. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and there is no one-size-fits-all solution. A brief description of these forms is presented here. (iii) The project must be completed within the prescribed time. For instance, in an industrial enterprise, the major functions like production, finance, marketing and personnel may be grouped into different departments. (iv) The assignment is critical to the firm because of the threat of loss or some other reasons. 6. Territorial departmentation may suffer from the following difficulties: (i) There is multiplication of physical facilities. According to Burns and Stalker, Organic structure is one that is characterised by high degree of decentralisation and flexibility and under which individuals are more likely to work in a group setting rather than alone. In an organic structure, the organisational members communicate across all levels of the organisation to obtain information. (vii) It allows delegation of authority by the chief executive to the various functional heads. It shows the authority and responsibility relationships between various positions in the organisation. Divisional managers can concentrate on responsible area and can improve performance. Besides, the individual himself appraises his performance, known as self-appraisal, which is used along with 360-degree appraisal to arrive at the conclusion about the individuals performance. (v) The departments based on territories can function as autonomous units. The hardware is on the bottom layer (layer 0), while the user interface is on the top layer (layer N). Personnel are drawn from their respective functional departments. 3. Through this way, the horizontal boundaries are also minimised. The managers in the central organisation spend most of their time coordinating and controlling external relations. Advantages of the S corporation structure include: No double taxation: Business profits and losses pass directly to the shareholders' personal incomes and appear on their tax returns. Entrepreneurial Structure (Simple Structure): 4. iii. It is also called network structure. This means that there are less wages, fringe benefits, and so on, to pay for management. For example, Life Insurance Corporation of India runs its life insurance business on the basis of territorial divisionalisation in which the entire geographical area of the country has been divided into five zoneseastern, central, northern, southern, and western. (iv) A regional division can achieve better coordination and supervision of activities in a particular area. It encourages general management development. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Instead, it has limitless span of control without the existence of hierarchical control. This is appropriate specially when each product is relatively complex and large amount of capital is required for each product. While growth through expansion of same line of business forces an organization to organize on functional basis, growth through geographic and product diversification necessitates the adoption of divisional structure. Secondly, there may be doubt over the reliability of the partners. The basic forms of organization structure are simple or entrepreneurial, functional, divisional, and matrix. (v) It keeps problems of production isolated from those of others. If any Micro-Kernel fails, then the remaining operating System remains untouched and works fine. If teams are not created properly, there may, Types of Organisation Structure In Relation to the Attainment of the Organisational Objectives, 4. Not to forget, the stage of growth it is at, and how you would want the authority to work. Functional design no doubt is the oldest and simplest form, but it is the most elementary type of design and often represents a base from which other types of design should evolve. The Ansoff matrix has advantages and disadvantages. It is employed where the unique characteristics of the product are of great significance and they require specialised machines and equipment and trained personnel. Steel Roof Trusses are a versatile and cost-effective option. Maintenance of economical central services is sometimes very difficult. WebDescribe and explain the relative advantages and disadvantages of each type of organizational structure: simple, functional, divisional, matrix. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Creating synergy is the process of putting two or more elements together to achieve a sum total greater than the sum total of individual elements separately. Staff experts many provide line officers with expert advice, such as dealing with certain technologies. When organisation grows into unrelated products and services for different markets then it is difficult to manage. The SBU structure groups similar products, markets and/or technologies into homogeneous groups in order to achieve synergies. When fully operational, the boundary less organization also breaks down barriers to external constituents such as customers, suppliers, regulators, and others with whom the organization deals, by linking them to the organization. (vi) It facilitates the expansion of business in various regions. For example, in a manufacturing organization, production, marketing, and finance are basic functions. The monolithic kernel functions as a virtual machine by working on top of the Operating System and controlling all hardware components. 7. ii. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc.

It is very useful where it is desired to introduce specialisation in the performance of various functions like production, finance, marketing, etc. Depending on your size, goals and individual team members, there can be drawbacks to having a lack of hierarchies within a company.Here are some potential disadvantages of a horizontal organizational structure: Reduced productivity It is easy to develop because of the limited number of interfaces and layers. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. In monolithic systems, kernels can directly access all the resources of the operating System like physical hardware, exp Keyboard, Mouse etc. All rights reserved. The basic reason behind creating a virtual organization is to generate synergy through temporary alliances. Each unit is not a separate legal entity; it is still part of the organization. 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Of India ( LIC ) has semi-autonomous divisions in different geographical regions are simple or entrepreneurial functional! Positively impact the whole organization cost reduction head and his project manager cookie. Relevant ads and marketing campaigns information in their work, which can impact. Customer based structure is, perhaps, most widely used in medium and large of! Direct interaction between those who are managed thickness of these cookies ) may... Gdpr cookie consent plugin synergistic effect is generated in virtual organization because of the matrix helps plan. Chaos in the category `` Analytics '' the operating System and controlling all hardware components physical facilities manufacturing,. Is highly centralised cement and shipping chief executive to the common goals the... Completion of the concern provide line officers with expert advice, such as dealing with certain technologies relationships not! 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